Rabu, 11 Maret 2020
What is TOEFL ?
The Test of English as a Foreign
Language, abbreviated as TOEFL, is an English proficiency test that is required
to apply for admission to universities in the United States or other countries
in the world. This test is very necessary for applicants or speakers whose
native language is not English. The TOEFL exam is held by the ETS (Educational
Testing Service) office in the United States for all test takers around the
world.
This
type of English TOEFL test is generally required for entry requirements at
almost all universities in the United States and Canada both for undergraduate
(S-1) and graduate (S-2 or S-3) programs. The TOEFL test results are also used
as a material for consideration of English language abilities of prospective
students applying to universities in other countries, including universities in
Europe and Australia. In general, the TOEFL test is more oriented towards
American English, and is slightly different from the type of IELTS test that is
oriented towards British English. Unlike the IELTS test, this TOEFL test
generally does not have an individual interview test. In addition, TOEFL has
now begun to be used in the world of work as a mechanism for recruitment or
promotion.
TOEFL includes four aspects, namely (1) Listening Comprehension, (2) Structure and Written Expression, (3) Reading Comprehension, and (4) Test of Written English (TWE).
1. Listening Comprehension
This section will test your listening skills by making short and long
conversations. The conversation will only be heard once and participants are
not permitted to take notes. This section is 30-40 minutes long, totaling 50
questions.
Part A contains short, simple conversations between 2 people. After that
the participants will be asked to answer questions.
Part B contains a longer conversation, then participants will be asked to
answer several questions based on the conversation being played.
Part C hears a longer reading, news or fact, and then participants will be
asked to answer some questions about the reading.
2. Structure
and Written Expression
This section
is 25 minutes long and has 40 questions. This section examines the standard
grammatical ability of written English.In the
structure section, participants will be given questions in the form of
incomplete sentences, then asked to choose the right words or phrases to
complete the sentence.In the written expression section,
participants will be given questions in the form of sentences with several
parts underlined. Participants must determine which part is incorrect in the
sentence.
3. Reading
Comprehension
This section lasts 55 minutes and
consists of 50 questions. This section will assess the reading comprehension of
the participants. Participants will be asked to read the reading and then
answer some questions based on the reading given. Readings can be taken from
university textbooks, or articles, newspapers and other materials.
4. Writting
This part
lasts 30 minutes. Participants will be given 1 topic and asked to write essays
based on that topic. Essay topics vary, for example:
• Do you agree with the statement
that parents are the best teachers for children?
• Is working part time good for
students?
• It has been announced that a new
cinema will be built in your city. Do you approve this plan? Why?Participants must explain their
arguments clearly, using relevant examples.
Referensi :
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOEFL
https://www-hotcourses-co-id.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.hotcourses.co.id/study-abroad-info/university-applications/struktur-tes-toefl-pbt/?amp=true&usqp=mq331AQCKAE%3D&_js_v=0.1#aoh=15831927958527&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&_tf=From%20%251%24s&share=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotcourses.co.id%2Fstudy-abroad-info%2Funiversity-applications%2Fstruktur-tes-toefl-pbt%2F
https://www-hotcourses-co-id.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.hotcourses.co.id/study-abroad-info/university-applications/struktur-tes-toefl-pbt/?amp=true&usqp=mq331AQCKAE%3D&_js_v=0.1#aoh=15831927958527&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&_tf=From%20%251%24s&share=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotcourses.co.id%2Fstudy-abroad-info%2Funiversity-applications%2Fstruktur-tes-toefl-pbt%2F
Selasa, 11 Februari 2020
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ONLINE MOTORCYCLE TAXI APPLICATION "GRAB"
Grab,
founded by Anthony Tan and Tan Hooi Ling in 2012. Reporting from liputan6.com
(1/3/2019), the idea of Grab initially appeared when Tan, who was still a
student at Harvard Business School, heard his friend's complaint about a taxi
service in Malaysia that often misdirected or expensive fees.
Finally,
Tan tried to make this problem his college project. He presented this project
in front of his teaching professor armed with the concept of ride sharing owned
by Garrett Camp. Unexpectedly, this project managed to become the second winner
of the Business Plan Contest at Harvard Business School and finalist at the
Harvard Minimum Viable Product Funding award.
Only
after that, Tan and fellow colleagues at Harvard Business School, Ling,
launched the My Teksi application in Malaysia in June 2012. This application
came to be known as GrabTaxi in other countries. Tan launched this Taxi Grab
with a capital of 25 thousand US dollars or Rp 358 million.
However,
the initial story of GrabTaxi's journey was not as smooth as that. Tan and Ling
got a lot of refusal from the taxi company to work together. Until finally the
fifth taxi company wanted to join GrabTaxi.
Gradually,
Grab's journey began to run at a faster pace. A year later, GrabTaxi
successfully entered the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand markets.
Furthermore, in 2014, GrabTaxi spread its wings to Vietnam and Indonesia.
In
the same year, Tan and Ling began to want to develop their business. No longer
just working with a taxi company, he also wants to invite a car rental company
or a private person who wants to make his car as a business vehicle to join
GrabCar. Finally, GrabCar officially became operational in July 2014.
Four
months later, precisely in November 2014, Grab began opening the GrabRide
service. GrabRide is an online transportation service that uses motorcycle taxi
services. Now, this service is the most popular transportation service in
Jakarta which is synonymous with traffic.
Entering
2015, Grab is no longer just a transportation service. The company also started
providing goods delivery services. With the name GrabExpress, Grab helps the
people of Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Singapore who want to deliver
packages to relatives. This year the GrabHitch service also appeared.
January
2016, Grab began to enter the world of fintech with GrabPay services. GrabPay
is the only digital payment service in Southeast Asia that has access to
e-money licenses in six ASEAN giant economies.
Still
in 2016, users can begin to enjoy GrabFood services. President of Grab
Indonesia, Ridzki Kramadibrata, in Empirica, Jakarta, Wednesday (02/13/2019),
said that Grab Food is now available in 178 cities in Indonesia and 187 cities
in Southeast Asia.
2017
is also a beautiful year for Grab with its various achievements. In addition to
successfully penetrating the markets of Myanmar and Cambodia, Grab also has
several partnerships and new business developments. Call it GrabCoach,
GrabShuttle, JustGrab, P2P fund transfers, GrabRewards, merchant payments, and
work with Kudo.
A
year later, Grab created a buzz called GrabVentures. Through this program, Grab
provides capital and training for start-up activists to develop their business.
In Indonesia, Ridzki said that Grab Ventures provided an investment of 250
million US dollars or Rp 3 trillion.
Throughout
2018, Grab has successfully expanded its services from 12 cities in early 2017
to 222 cities in Indonesia. This achievement strengthens its position as the
O2O mobile platform with the widest scope in Indonesia, from Sabang to Merauke.
In line with its business expansion, Grab currently also leads the Indonesian
ride-hailing market with 60 percent market share in the two-wheeled vehicle
segment and 70 percent market share in the four-wheeled vehicle segment. In
2018, Grab also launched the Grab Platform, GrabFresh which helps users to shop
for daily necessities, and GrabWheels in Singapore. However, the biggest
breakthrough that Grab did in 2018 was the acquisition of Uber. Since then,
Grab has become a Super App.
"We
have launched the Super App from last year, since we acquired Uber. (Since
then) we have begun to provide Delivery, bill payment, which is the payment
within our application, the contents, then the sports venue in our
application," Ridzki said.
Grab
as the leading Super App in Southeast Asia, offers daily solutions with
transportation services, delivery of goods and food, mobile payments, and
digital entertainment. With an open platform philosophy, Grab brings together
partners to make life better for all users in Southeast Asia.
Along
with this expansion, Grab has successfully invited various companies to invest
in the company. For example, Grab received funding from a Korean automotive
company, Hyundai, valued at Rp 250 million US dollars or Rp 3.6 trillion. In
addition, Grab also received investment from Toyota worth 1 billion US dollars.
Most recently, Grab received funding from Goldman Sachs Investment Partners and
Cini Venue. Its value is quite large, which is 2.7 billion US dollars. Not to
mention funding from other investors, such as Oppenheimer Funds, Ping An
Capital, Mirae Asset - Naver Asia Growth Fund, and Light speed Venture Partner.
Now,
Grab has reached the decacorn level. That is, the Grab valuation has reached
more than 10 billion US dollars. Starting with a capital of 250 million US
dollars, now Grab's valuation is 11 billion US dollars or Rp 155 trillion. Grab
continues to carve out new history.
Over
the past year, the number of Grab users grew by 600 percent. This was conveyed
by the Managing Director of Grab for Indonesia Ridzki Kramadibrata after the
launch of the 'Grab 4 Indonesia' program, at the Grand Hyatt Hotel, Jakarta,
Thursday (2/2).
Grab
also gave rise to the Grab Reward program innovation related to driver loyalty
and also the Grab Chat feature, where there is a service to send messages
(chats) between users and drivers. To provide a broader impact for the people
of Indonesia, the company that provides digital-based vehicle ordering
applications for Grab, stated its commitment to pour funds of US $ 700 million
or around Rp 9.3 trillion, for investment in Indonesia.
The
fund will be invested in three sectors, in stages over the next four years. The
investment is part of the Grab 2020 master plan titled "Grab 4
Indonesia".
First,
Grab will build a study and development center (Research and Development /
R&D Center) in Indonesia. This facility was built to develop innovations
that are specialized in the transportation sector and this digital economy. The
plan, Grab will recruit 150 local engineers in the next two years.
Second,
Grab will also invest in technopreneurship for social purposes. Grab will
prepare funds of around US $ 100 million to fund startups and technopreneur
companies that focus on increasing financial inclusion in all cities and levels
of society.
Third,
Grab will also continue to develop its mobile services, to increase access of
the Indonesian people to financing opportunities in the digital sector. Grab
will expand the mobile payment solution by continuing to develop GrabPay
Credits services, non-cash payment options, partnerships with Bank Mandiri
through e-cash, and continue to develop e-money payment platforms with Lippo
Group and Nobu Bank.
In
addition, Grab will also provide more access to financing opportunities to buy
and own smartphones (smartphones) and motor vehicles to its driving partners.
This is done to encourage the driver's partners to build their welfare in a
sustainable manner as micro businesses.
The
inclusion of digital platforms such as Grab, can increase financial inclusion
with the programs offered. Then it can integrate all sectors that are being
encouraged by the government such as transportation and tourism. We should
support the development of online transportation business like Grab. This kind
of application has helped Indonesia, especially in its contribution to the
progress of a city or tourist destination. The development of the potential of
a city and tourist attraction will only be possible with the support of the
transportation and accommodation sector. It is hoped that in the coming years
the transportation business will grow, giving access to the periphery areas,
and later can contribute positively to advancing the wheels of the nation's
economy.
Minggu, 19 Januari 2020
Business Invitation Letter
Business Invitation Letter
From,
Nita Nur Aulia
General Manager
PT. Iron Office
Jakarta, January 03, 2020
To,
Mrs. Leona Xamberg
General Manager
PT. Ciro Company
Senopati Street No. 8, North
Jakarta
Dear Sir,
We are a large company
engaged in the field of interior design and have collaborated with many leading
companies in Jakarta and other major cities in Indonesia. We want to propose
cooperation with your company.
Based on the information
we got, PT. Ciro Company needs a new design. Related to that information, we
intend to be the architecture in your company.
We hope that this offer
can be realized in the form of cooperation that can be beneficial for both
parties. Along with this letter, we attach a list of prices and designs that we
provide. If your company is interested, we are ready to talk further.
Thanks for your attention.
Business Event Invitation Letter
Business Event Invitation Letter
North Jakarta,
January 12, 2020
Divanthy Prilia
HRD PT. Abadi Jaya Cabang Jakarta Utara
Pahlawan Street No. 8, North Jakarta
North Jakarta
Dear Sir,
In connection with the
holding of the company's annual work evaluation PT. Abadi Jaya, we will invite
you to hold a meeting which will be held on:
Day / Date : Thursday, January 16, 2020
Time :
9:00 - Finish
Venue :
Main Meeting Room Headquarters PT. Abadi Jaya
Thus we submit this
invitation letter, bearing in mind the importance of this meeting, we sincerely
expect you.
Thank you for your attention and welcome.
Sincerely,
Nita Nur Aulia
(Director)
Selasa, 16 Juli 2019
Perlindungan konsumen
Perlindungan konsumen adalah perangkat hukum yang diciptakan untuk melindungi dan terpenuhinya hak konsumen. Sebagai contoh, para penjual diwajibkan menunjukkan tanda harga sebagai tanda pemberitahuan kepada konsumen.
UU Perlindungan Konsumen Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen Republik Indonesia menjelaskan bahwa hak konsumen diantaranya adalah hak atas kenyamanan, keamanan, dan keselamatan dalam mengonsumsi barang dan atau jasa; hak untuk memilih barang dan atau jasa serta mendapatkan barang dan atau jasa tersebut sesuai dengan nilai tukar dan kondisi serta jaminan yang dijanjikan; hak untuk diperlakukan atau dilayani secara benar dan jujur serta tidak diskriminatif; hak untuk mendapatkan kompensasi, ganti rugi dan atau penggantian, apabila barang dan atau jasa yang diterima tidak sesuai dengan perjanjian atau tidak sebagaimana mestinya; dan sebagainya.
Contoh Kasus :
BANDA ACEH - Ketua Yayasan Perlindungan Konsumen Aceh (YaPKA), Fahmiwati SE MSi mengatakan, rumah sakit (RS) dapat dituntut apabila dalam pelayanan yang diberikannya merugikan konsumen atau pasien. Namun, pelayanan buruk atau hal merugikan yang dialami pasien di rumah sakit tersebut haruslah dapat dibuktikan dan benar-benar merupakan keadaan yang sebenarnya
Pernyataan itu disampaikan Fahmiwati menjawab Serambi, Senin (3/3), menanggapi laporan eksklusif Serambi kemarin berjudul Apa yang Salah dengan RSUZA? Ia juga mengomentari pengakuan pasien pemegang kartu Jaminan Kesehatan Aceh (JKA) bernama Yenny Rahmayanti (37) yang tak rela menderita cacat tambahan setelah menjalani operasi bedah tulang pada seorang dokter yang bekerja di Rumah Sakit Umum Zainoel Abidin (RSUZA) Banda Aceh pada Maret 2013.
“Apabila pernyataan Yenny bisa dibuktikan dan itu yang sebenarnya, berarti telah terjadi malapraktik. Nah, terhadap suatu kejadian yang merugikan pasien selaku konsumen rumah sakit, itu bisa dituntut,” imbuh Fahmiwati.
Dalam kasus yang dialami Yenny, ada indikasi dokter tidak terbuka kepada pasien mengenai obat-obatan dan harga alat yang akan digunakan tanpa kuitansi. “Praktik perdagangan apa yang dilakukan dokter seperti itu? Apabila memang itu benar-benar terjadi, pasien bisa membuka peluang untuk bagaimana cara dia mendapatkan haknya. Hak atas informasi yang seharusnya dia ketahui,” tegasnya.
Fahmiwati menyebutkan bahwa hak konsumen telah diatur dalam Pasal 4 Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Di antaranya hak atas informasi yang benar, jelas, dan jujur mengenai kondisi dan jaminan barang atau jasa, hak untuk didengar pendapat dan keluhannya atas barang atau jasa yang digunakan, hak untuk mendapatkan advokasi, perlindungan, dan upaya penyelesaian sengketa perlindungan konsumen secara patut. Di samping itu ada pula hak untuk diperlakukan atau dilayani secara benar dan jujur serta tidak diskriminatif.
Terkait hak konsumen, kata Fahmiwati, kewajiban pelaku usaha juga sudah diatur dalam UU Perlindungan Konsumen tersebut, tepatnya pada Pasal 7. Di antaranya memberikan informasi yang benar, jelas, dan jujur mengenai kondisi dan jaminan barang atau jasa, serta memberi penjelasan penggunaan, perbaikan, dan pemeliharaan. Selain itu, pelaku usaha diharuskan melayani konsumen secara benar dan jujur serta tidak diskriminatif, memberi kompensasi, ganti rugi, atau penggantian apabila barang dan jasa yang diterima atau dimanfaatkan tidak sesuai dengan perjanjian.
“Pelayanan itu haknya konsumen, walaupun pasien menggunakan kartu JKA maupun Askes,” imbuhnya.
Fahmiwati mengatakan, Februari lalu ia menerima pengaduan dari pasien asal Aceh Barat Daya yang berobat ke RS untuk operasi kaki. Namun, pasien tersebut harus mencari sendiri kamarnya, kemudian ia tidak langsung ditangani, melainkan harus kembali seminggu kemudian. Menurut Fahmiwati, keluhan-keluhan pasien seperti itu secara keseluruhan kerap dilaporkan kepadanya, selain keluhan terkait antrean pasien di RS. “Namun pasien sekadar berkeluh kesah saja, tidak melakukan pengaduan resmi sehingga tidak bisa dilanjutkan,” ujarnya.
Menurut Fahmiwati, keluhan konsumen/pasien memang banyak yang sampai ke pihaknya. “Tapi apabila kita mau membela haknya, mereka justru kurang berani dengan berbagai alasan. Nah, itu kelemahan dari mayoritas pasien,” katanya sembari menambahkan, apabila konsumen melakukan pengaduan ada syarat-syaratnya. Ada bukti yang diadukan, tanggal, dokter, dan tempat kejadian supaya proses penyelidikan ini benar-benar punya hasil yang signifikan untuk dibela/diadvokasi.
Sementara itu, seorang mantan pasien RSUZA Banda Aceh, Sahari Ganie menyarankan sebaiknya dibuat counter khusus customer service di RSUZA supaya pasien bisa komplain (menyampaikan keluhan) langsung. “Tapi unit tersebut kerjanya harus benar-benar profesional, independen, dan transparan,” kata Dosen Luar Biasa FISIP Unsyiah ini.
Usul Sahari Ganie itu ditanggapi positif oleh Direktur RSUZA, Dr dr Syahrul SpS(K). Malah sebelum usul itu diutarakan Sahari, manajemen RSUZA memang sedang dalam fase persiapan sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang cocok, juga sedang dipersiapkan tempat komplain yang strategis. “Mudah-mudan dalam bulan ini bisa terealisasi,” kata Syahrul menjawab Serambi
Terhadap laporan eksklusif Serambi kemarin, Syahrul menanggapinya positif sekaligus menjadi introspeksi dan motivasi bagi seluruh pihak di RSUZA. “Mudahan-mudahan semua kami dapat terus berbuat, memberi pelayanan kepada masyarakat secara baik, berkualitas, dan cepat dengan kompetensi yang profesional,” demikian Syahrul. (hs/dik).
Sumber :
Hak Cipta dan Royalti
Hak cipta (lambang internasional: ©, Unicode: U+00A9) adalah hak eksklusif Pencipta atau Pemegang Hak Cipta untuk mengatur penggunaan hasil penuangan gagasan atau informasi tertentu. Pada dasarnya, hak cipta merupakan "hak untuk menyalin suatu ciptaan". Hak cipta dapat juga memungkinkan pemegang hak tersebut untuk membatasi penggandaan tidak sah atas suatu ciptaan. Pada umumnya pula, hak cipta memiliki masa berlaku tertentu yang terbatas.
Hak cipta berlaku pada berbagai jenis karya seni atau karya cipta atau "ciptaan". Ciptaan tersebut dapat mencakup puisi, drama, serta karya tulislainnya, film, karya-karya koreografis (tari, balet, dan sebagainya), komposisi musik, rekaman suara, lukisan, gambar, patung, foto, perangkat lunak komputer, siaran radio dan televisi, dan (dalam yurisdiksi tertentu) desain industri.
Royalti adalah jumlah yang dibayarkan untuk penggunaan properti, seperti hak paten, hak cipta, atau sumber alam; misalnya, pencipta mendapat bayaran royalti ketika ciptaannya diproduksi dan dijual; penulis dapat memperoleh royalti ketika buku hasil karya tulisannya dijual.
Contoh kasus :
Logo Spotify tampak di layar ponsel dalam foto ilustrasi, 24 Juli 2017. (REUTERS/Dado Ruvic)
Perusahaan streaming musik, Spotify, dituntut oleh Wixen Music Publishing minggu lalu karena diduga menggunakan ribuan lagu, termasuk lagu-lagu karya Tom Petty, Neil Young dan the Doors, tanpa lisensi dan kompensasi kepada penerbit karya musik, Reuters melaporkan, Selasa (2/1).
Wixen, pemegang lisensi ekslusif untuk lagu-lagu seperti “Free Fallin” karya Tom Petty, “Light My Fire” karya the Doors, (Girl We Got a) Good Thing oleh Weezer dan karya musisi lain seperti Stevie Nicks, menuntut ganti rugi dan kompensasi setidaknya senilai 1,6 miliar dolar.
Spotify tidak memiliki lisensi langsung atau lisensi wajib dari Wixen yang memperbolehkan perusahaan tersebut untuk memproduksi ulang dan mendistribusikan lagu-lagu tersebut, kata Wixen dalam tuntutan hukumnya yang diajukan ke pengadilan federal California.
Wixen juga menuduh Spotify menggunakan jasa pihak ketiga, yaitu penyedia layanan lisensi dan royalti, Harry Fox Agency. Menurut Wixen, pihak ketiga tersebut “tidak memadai untuk mendapatkan lisensi-lisensi yang dibutuhkan.”
Spotify menolak untuk memberikan komentar.
Pada Mei, perusahaan yang bermarkas di Stockholm, Swedia, setuju membayar lebih dari 43 juta dolar untuk menyelesaikan rencana tuntutan bersama yang menuduh Spotify tidak membayar royalti untuk beberapa lagu yang disediakan kepada pengguna.
Nilai perusahaan Spotify, yang berencana masuk bursa tahun ini, telah naik sebanyak 20 persen menjadi 19 miliar dolar dalam beberapa bulan. [fw/au]
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